Exercises Doctrine

Turning the "Communal Pot" into a "Set-Menu System": The Exploratory Practices of These Two Units Are Worth Learning From

把“大锅饭”变为“分餐制” 这两个单位的探索实践值得借鉴

PLA Daily (解放军报) 30 May 2026

Summary

An Army comprehensive training base in northern Guangxi and the People's Armed Police Liaoning Corps Recruit Regiment have each independently developed data-driven, tiered recruit training systems—respectively a 'rotation schedule' (轮训表) that dynamically assigns recruits to differentiated venues and difficulty levels, and a 'bullet map' (弹痕图) paired with a 'gate-clearing progression' (过关进阶) model that gates advancement on hard qualification thresholds rather than ammunition volume. The base reports a 19-percent rise in horizontal-bar pull-up excellence rates, a 13-percent rise in live-fire shooting excellence rates, and a 21-percent drop in training injuries; the PAP regiment achieved a marked increase in shooting excellence without increasing per-capita ammunition consumption. This is standard PLA Daily model-unit advocacy content; its value is as a baseline record of how the institution is framing the shift from mass, uniform-pace recruit training toward individualized, data-tracked instruction—the commentary's explicit term 精准施训 (precision training) is the organizing concept being promoted across both services.

Translation

An Army Comprehensive Training Base Upholds the Philosophy of Scientific Training——

"Rotation Schedule" Precisely Coordinates Training Events

■ Liu Jie, Wang Liming, PLA Daily Reporter Li Zhibin

In early summer in northern Guangxi, as the first light of dawn broke, multiple training events unfolded simultaneously on the training grounds of an Army comprehensive training base——

On the eastern tactical training area, dozens of recruits crawled in the low-crawl position, repeatedly drawing in their legs and extending their arms, kicking up clouds of dust behind them; on the western grenade-throwing training area, grenades flew like arrows loosed from a bow, tracing parabolas of varying heights through the air; in the central physical fitness training area, several recruits with stronger physical conditioning took turns on the horizontal bar, conducting weighted pull-up training… The head of the base's training department told reporters that the coordinated and orderly conduct of different training events—"like playing a piano"—is driven behind the scenes by a scientifically precise "rotation schedule" that dispatches resources with high efficiency.

"The quality and effectiveness requirements for recruit training are higher than ever, forcing us to find every possible way to innovate our training organization model," said Squad Leader Yang Jingjiao, who has extensive experience organizing training. He noted that the old rough-and-ready approach of "throwing everything in one pot and marching in lockstep" can no longer meet the demands of scientific and efficient military training under the new situation.

"This 'rotation schedule' is our 'secret formula' for cracking training problems and improving the quality and effectiveness of training organization," said Battalion Commander Yang of a certain battalion at the base, pointing to a chart in his hand. He explained that the chart—scientifically coordinated by the base's headquarters and precisely refined by battalions and companies—carefully plans the training duration, venue requirements, and rotation sequence for different events, dynamically groups recruits according to their training level, and specifies the training plan down to every day, every hour, and every training area.

Battalion Commander Yang pointed to the chart and gave reporters an example: "For instance, during Tuesday's basic tactical movement training, the remedial group repeatedly drills movements in the 20-meter basic crawl area, the reinforcement group works on movement continuity in the standard tactical field, and the elite group pushes their limits on a composite course with obstacles. The same event, tiered instruction, each training what they need." This, he said, is precisely the core philosophy the "rotation schedule" upholds: tiered instruction for basic events, concentrated breakthroughs for key and difficult events.

How does a single schedule achieve "precision"? At the grenade-throwing training area, reporters observed instructor Weng Shouyuan standing at the edge of the training ground, recording the data from each throw in a small notebook. "Data doesn't lie. Through continuous tracking and statistical analysis, I have categorized common problems into three types: 'insufficient power storage in the lower limbs,' 'disconnection between torso rotation and force generation,' and 'weak release at the terminal point,' and I have developed dedicated training strategies for each." Weng Shouyuan told reporters that, using training data as his basis, he developed training aids such as a kneeling-throw assist device, targeted improvements to training methods, and significantly increased training efficiency.

The value of data was equally evident in the live-fire shooting area. The moment the gunfire ceased, recruits gathered before the intelligent target-reporting system, where Platoon Commander Quan Qingquan pointed to a clear distribution map of bullet impact points, precisely analyzed the problems of each recruit, and offered targeted recommendations for improvement. The widespread use of informatized and intelligentized equipment has consigned the traditionally time-consuming and low-efficiency practice of "aiming at empty air" to history, providing solid technical support for the efficient operation of the "rotation schedule" and for scientific training.

A 19-percent increase in the excellence rate for horizontal-bar pull-ups, a 13-percent increase in the excellence rate for live-fire shooting, and a 21-percent decrease in the incidence of training injuries——these hard figures are the gratifying results produced by the base's exploration and implementation of the "rotation schedule."

"The 'rotation schedule' is only the vehicle; scientific military training is the purpose," said the base's leadership. Going forward, they will continue to implement the philosophy of scientific training and, with stricter standards and more scientific methods, deliver a steady stream of qualified combatants to the force.

People's Armed Police Liaoning Corps Recruit Regiment Explores a Precision Training Model——

"Bullet Map" Scientifically Plans Training Progress

■ Zhang Renjing, Yang Xuezhuo

"5 rounds, 47 rings!" Recently, the People's Armed Police Liaoning Corps Recruit Regiment organized a shooting assessment. When the scores were announced, recruit Cheng Xuebo broke into a gratified smile. This recruit—who had once been sent back for remedial training after finishing last in shooting—has now, with the help of the "gate-clearing progression" (过关进阶) precision training model, risen to the ranks of outstanding marksmen.

"From the 'passing line' to the 'excellence tier,' Cheng Xuebo's trajectory of progress is precisely plotted on this 'bullet map,'" said Liu Maogong, the regiment's chief instructor for shooting events, pointing proudly to a target sheet covered in bullet holes. "This is the best testament to the results achieved by the recruit 'gate-clearing progression' precision training model."

"This target sheet is issued to every recruit at the very first training session. All bullet impact point information and on-target bullet holes from every shooting training session are displayed on it—it is the equivalent of each recruit's training 'medical record,'" Liu Maogong explained, unfolding a target sheet. Recruits can use this sheet at any time to check their bullet impact points, identify problems, analyze causes, and determine the direction for improvement. Everyone has come to call this target sheet the "bullet map." Since the beginning of this year, the regiment's excellence rate in recruit shooting training has risen markedly—a direct result of the precision training model of "clear one gate per round; no advancement without meeting the standard."

"A good marksman isn't necessarily produced purely by 'feeding' bullets." The corps leadership explained that in the past, a rough-and-ready training mindset centered on "piling up volume" once dominated recruit training. Last winter, a pilot program in one recruit company found that, even though every link—theoretical study, weapons disassembly, aiming practice, and live-fire shooting—was grasped firmly, once per-capita ammunition consumption exceeded 90 rounds, the excellence rate stubbornly hovered around 30 percent.

Before this year's recruit training began, they conducted an in-depth investigation into the root causes based on the pilot program's findings. The conclusion was that the problem lay not in the recruits' weak foundations, but in the traditional "march in lockstep" model, which caused "the strong to go underfed and the weak to be unable to digest." All recruits advanced at the same pace and the same rhythm; instructors had to cater to the majority, and recruits with stronger foundations who grasped material quickly had no choice but to "mark time," making it naturally difficult for them to "stand out."

To address problems including unstable shooting training quality, a breakthrough in the excellence rate that proved elusive, and the low cost-effectiveness of traditional methods, they explored and implemented the "gate-clearing progression" precision training model——using the training level reflected by the "bullet map" as the basis, scientifically breaking shooting training down into gates such as shooting familiarization, precision reinforcement, and assessment and verification. Each gate has a hard qualification line; failure to clear a gate means being sent back for remedial training, and only upon successfully clearing a gate may a recruit advance to the next stage.

Recruit Cheng Xuebo is one of the beneficiaries of the precision training model. Having previously failed to meet the training standard, he would review his "bullet map" after every training session to identify his shortcomings. Liu Maogong also proactively stepped in, drawing on his own experience to help Cheng analyze the causes. In subsequent training, Cheng Xuebo followed the methods and experience Liu Maogong imparted, conducting targeted intensive practice, and ultimately achieved an excellent score in the assessment.

"Without adding a single round of ammunition, without changing support conditions, and relying solely on innovation in training methods, the results have been transformed entirely." Reflecting on the changes brought by the new training organization model, Liu Maogong said with feeling: "'Bullet map' combined with 'gate-clearing progression' is the equivalent of turning the 'communal pot' into a 'set-menu system,' ensuring that every round of ammunition delivers maximum benefit."

One target sheet, marked by bullet holes. The precision training philosophy embedded in this "bullet map"—which records the growth of recruits—continuously injects new momentum into the corps's recruit training. The corps leadership stated that going forward, they will continue to optimize the precision training pathway, work to resolve bottlenecks and difficulties in training, and drive recruit training to a new level.

Teaching Soldiers Abhors Uniformity; Its Advantage Lies in Differentiation (教兵忌同，其利在异)

■ Fan Enda

An Army comprehensive training base uses a single "rotation schedule" to precisely coordinate training events; the People's Armed Police Liaoning Corps Recruit Regiment uses a single "bullet map" to scientifically plan training progress. Though the two differ in vehicle and method, they converge on the same destination, both pointing to a key move in training for war-fighting readiness——precision training (精准施训). This is a powerful lever for resolving, under the new situation, such difficulties as rising quality-and-effectiveness requirements and pronounced individual differences.

As the military classics say: "Teaching soldiers abhors uniformity; its advantage lies in differentiation (教兵忌同，其利在异)." Behind the one "schedule" and one "map" lies a profound transformation in the philosophy of military training. The Army comprehensive training base has bid farewell to the rough-and-ready "throw-it-all-in-one-pot" training model, achieving optimal allocation of venues, time, and manpower through scientific training plans, and enabling recruits of different ability levels to each train what they need and accelerate their growth through "tiered instruction and concentrated breakthroughs"; the People's Armed Police Liaoning Corps Recruit Regiment has abandoned the "march in lockstep" training model, using the "bullet map" to dynamically record recruits' training trajectories, and by setting hard "gate-clearing progression" requirements, ensuring that every round of ammunition delivers maximum benefit. This pursuit of "precision" is both an effective pathway to optimizing the training model and an inevitable requirement for raising the level of training.

The exploratory practices of these two units enlighten us: the key to demanding combat power from scientific training lies in a single word—"precision" (精)—achieving meticulous planning (精细计划), precise analysis (精准分析), and accurate application of measures (精确施策). Only by running the philosophy of precision training throughout every domain of the entire training process, and turning the "communal pot" into a "set-menu system," can every drop of sweat be effectively converted into combat power.

Original Chinese

陆军某综合训练基地坚持科学施训理念—— “轮转计划”精准调度训练课目 ■刘杰王黎明解放军报记者李志彬初夏桂北，晨曦微露，陆军某综合训练基地训练场上，多个训练课目同步展开—— 东侧战术训练区，数十名新兵低姿匍匐，收腿、伸臂，动作不断交替，身后尘土飞扬；西侧投弹训练区，一枚枚手榴弹如离弦之箭，在空中划出高低不一的抛物线；中心体能训练区，几名体能素质较好的新兵轮流上杠，展开负重引体向上训练……该基地训练部门负责人告诉记者，不同训练课目如“弹钢琴”般协调有序，背后是一张科学精准的“轮转计划表”在高效调度。 “新兵训练质效要求更高，倒逼我们想方设法创新组训模式。”组训经验丰富的班长杨靖焦感慨地说，以往“一锅煮、齐步走”的粗放式训练路子，难以满足新形势下科学高效的练兵需求。 “这张‘轮转计划表’，就是我们破解训练难题、提升组训质效的‘秘籍’。”该基地某营杨营长指着手中的一张表格向记者介绍，这张由基地机关科学统筹、营连精准细化的表格，精准规划不同课目的训练时长、场地需求、轮转顺序，并将新兵按训练水平动态分组，把训练计划精确到每一天、每一小时、每一块场地。杨营长指着表格，给记者举了一个例子：“比如，周二的战术基础动作训练，补差组在20米基础匍匐区反复打磨动作，强化组在标准战术场提升动作连贯性，尖子组则在设置障碍的综合地段挑战极限。同一课目，分层施训，各练所需。”杨营长说，这正是“轮转计划表”坚持的核心理念：基础课目分层施训、重难点课目集中攻坚。一张计划表，如何做到“精准”？记者在投弹训练区看到，教练员翁守缘站在训练场边，手中的小本子上记录着每一次投弹的数据。“数据不会骗人。经过持续跟踪统计，我把常见问题归纳为‘下肢蓄力不足’‘转体发力脱节’‘末端释放无力’三种类型，分别制订了专属训练策略。”翁守缘告诉记者，他以训练数据为依据，研发出跪姿投弹辅助器等训练辅助器材，针对性改进训练方法，大幅提升了训练效率。数据的作用，在实弹射击区同样得到体现。枪声刚落，新兵们便来到智能报靶系统前，分队长权庆全指着清晰的弹着点分布图，精准分析每名新兵存在的问题，并针对性提出改进意见。信息化、智能化装备的广泛使用，让传统高耗时、低效率的“瞄空枪”成为历史，为“轮转计划表”的高效运转和科学施训提供了坚实技术支撑。单杠引体向上优良率提升19%，实弹射击优良率提升13%，训练伤发生率下降21%——这组硬核数据，是该基地探索推行“轮转计划表”带来的可喜成果。 “‘轮转计划表’只是载体，科学练兵才是目的。”该基地领导表示，下一步，他们将持续贯彻科学施训理念，以更严格的标准、更科学的方法，为部队源源不断输送合格战斗员。武警辽宁总队新兵团探索精准施训模式—— “子弹地图”科学规划训练进度 ■张仁晶杨雪卓 “5发，47环！”日前，武警辽宁总队新兵团组织一场射击考核。成绩公布，新兵成学博脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。这名曾因射击成绩“吊车尾”而“回炉”重训的新兵，在“过关进阶”精准施训模式的助力下，如今已跻身优秀射手行列。 “从‘及格线’进阶‘优秀档’，成学博的进步轨迹，精准绘制在这张‘子弹地图’上。”指着一张布满弹痕的靶纸，该新兵团射击课目首席教练员刘茂功自豪地介绍，“这是新兵‘过关进阶’精准施训模式取得成效的最好见证。” “这张靶纸，首次训练时就配发到每名新兵手中。每次射击训练的所有弹着点信息、上靶弹孔等，全部显示在上面，相当于每名新兵的训练‘病历’。”刘茂功展开一张靶纸介绍道，新兵可凭借这张靶纸，随时对照弹着点自查问题、剖析原因、明确改进方向。大家把这张靶纸形象地称作“子弹地图”。今年以来，该新兵团新兵射击训练优秀率明显提升，正是得益于“一轮一过关、不达标不晋级”的精准施训模式。 “好射手不一定全靠子弹‘喂’出来。”该总队领导介绍，过去，以“堆量”为核心的粗放式训练思维一度主导新兵训练工作。去年冬天，他们在一个新兵中队试点发现，尽管在理论学习、武器分解、瞄准练习、实弹射击等环节都抓得很实，但新兵人均弹药消耗超过90发后，成绩优秀率却长期在30%左右徘徊。今年新兵训练展开前，他们结合试点情况深入查找症结，结果发现，问题不在新兵基础弱，而是传统的“齐步走”模式导致“强的吃不饱，弱的难消化”。所有新兵同一进度、同一节奏，教练员要兼顾大多数，一些基础好、掌握快的新兵只好“原地踏步”，自然难以“冒尖”。为此，他们针对射击训练质量不稳定、优秀率难突破、传统手段效费比不高等问题，探索推行“过关进阶”精准施训模式——以“子弹地图”反映的训练水平为依据，将射击训练科学分解为射击体验、强化精度、考核检验等关口，每一关都设置硬性达标线，不过关即“回炉”重训，闯关成功方能晋级下一阶段。新兵成学博就是精准施训模式的受益者。此前训练成绩未达标的他，每次训练结束后都会结合“子弹地图”查找短板不足。刘茂功也主动靠上去，结合自身经验帮他分析原因。在后续训练中，成学博按照刘茂功传授的经验和方法，针对性展开专攻精练，终于在考核中取得优秀成绩。 “不增一枪一弹，不改保障条件，仅靠训法创新，效果便焕然一新。”谈及新的组训模式带来的变化，刘茂功感慨地说，“‘子弹地图’结合‘过关进阶’，相当于变‘大锅饭’为‘分餐制’，让每发子弹都打出最大效益。” 一张靶纸，弹孔留痕。这张记录新兵成长足迹的“子弹地图”，背后蕴含的精准施训理念，为该总队新兵训练源源不断注入新动能。该总队领导表示，下一步，他们将持续优化精准施训路径，着力破解训练中的堵点、难点，推动新兵训练迈上新台阶。教兵忌同，其利在异 ■范恩达陆军某综合训练基地一张“轮转计划表”精准调度训练课目、武警辽宁总队新兵团一张“子弹地图”科学规划训练进度，二者虽载体不同、手段各异，却殊途同归，共同指向练兵备战的关键一招——精准施训。这是新形势下破解质效要求提升、个体差异明显等难题的一个有力抓手。兵法云：“教兵忌同，其利在异。”一“表”、一“图”的背后，是练兵理念的深刻变化。陆军某综合训练基地告别“一锅煮”粗放练兵模式，依托科学训练计划实现场地、时间、人力的最优配置，通过“分层施训、集中攻坚”让不同能力水平的新兵各练所需、加速成长；武警辽宁总队新兵团摒弃“齐步走”训练模式，利用“子弹地图”动态记录新兵训练轨迹，通过设置“过关进阶”硬杠杠，确保每发子弹都打出最大效益。这种对“精准”的追求，既是优化训练模式的有效途径，也是提升训练水平的必然要求。两个单位的探索实践启示我们：向科学训练要战斗力，关键在于一个“精”字，做到精细计划、精准分析、精确施策。唯有将精准施训理念贯穿训练全过程各领域，把“大锅饭”变为“分餐制”，才能让每一滴汗水都有效转化为战斗力。